Self-contained in-ground geothermal generator and heat exchanger with in-line pump

ABSTRACT

A method of harnessing geothermal energy to produce electricity by lowering a geothermal generator deep into a pre-drilled well bore below the Earth&#39;s surface. The Self Contained In-Ground Geothermal Generator (SCI-GGG) includes a boiler, a turbine compartment, an electricity generator, a condenser and produces electricity down at the heat sources and transmits it up to the ground surface by cable. The Self Contained Heat Exchanger (SCHE) is integral part of (SCI-GGG) system and can function independently. It consists of a closed loop system with two heat exchangers. No pollution is emitted during production process. There is no need for hydro-thermal reservoirs although not limited to hot rocks. It can be implemented in many different applications. The SCHE also includes an in-line water pump operatively coupled to the closed loop system and can be used in many different applications.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application toNikola Lakic entitled “SELF-CONTAINED IN-GROUND GEOTHERMAL GENERATOR ANDHEAT EXCHANGER WITH IN-LINE PUMP,” patent application Ser. No.13/655,272, filed on Oct. 18, 2012, now pending, which is acontinuation-in-part of U.S. patent application to Nikola Lakic entitled“SELF-CONTAINED IN-GROUND GEOTHERMAL GENERATOR,” patent application Ser.No. 13/053,029, filed on Mar. 21, 2011, now pending; which is acontinuation-in-part of U.S. patent application to Nikola Lakic entitled“SELF CONTAINED IN-GROUND GEOTHERMAL GENERATOR,” patent application Ser.No. 12/197,073, filed on Aug. 22, 2008, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,281,591,issued Oct. 9, 2012; which is a continuation-in-part of patentapplication Ser. No. 11/770,543, filed Jun. 28, 2007, entitled“SELF-CONTAINED IN-GROUND GEOTHERMAL GENERATOR,” now U.S. Pat. No.7,849,690, issued Dec. 14, 2010, the disclosures of which are herebyincorporated entirely herein by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Technical Field

This invention relates generally to a self-contained in-groundgeothermal generator and heat exchanger for production of electricityfrom geothermal source. This invention also relates to the effectivemethod of use of a heat source such as oil well flare stacks and lavafor production of electricity. This invention also relates to aneffective method for desalinization of water from a large body of saltywater. This invention also relates to an in-line pump for fluidcirculation.

2. State of the Art

Geothermal is a renewable energy source made possible by the sametectonic activity that causes local earthquakes and the risingmountains. Geothermal is endless supply of energy from which we cangenerate power. The earth's rigged outer shell, the lithosphere,consisting of the crust and upper mantle, rests upon the hotter and moreplastic region of the upper mantle, below the crust, called theasthenosphere. The thickness of the Earth's crust varies from a fewmiles to perhaps hundred fifty miles. Rock heated by magma deep belowthe surface boils water trapped in underground reservoirs—sometimes ashot as 700 degree F. Some of this hot geothermal water travels back upthrough faults and cracks and reaches the earth's surface as hot springsor geysers, but most of it stays deep underground, trapped in cracks andporous rock This natural collection of hot water is called a geothermalreservoir. We already enjoy some of this activity via natural hotsprings.

Presently, wells are drilled into the geothermal reservoirs to bring thehot water to the surface. At geothermal power plants, this hot water ispiped to the surface. Then, after removing silica, steam is created andused to spin turbines creating mechanical energy. The shaft from theturbines to the generator converts mechanical energy to electricalenergy. The used geothermal water is then returned down an injectionwell into the reservoir to be reheated, to maintain pressure, and tosustain the reservoir.

There are three kinds of geothermal power plants. The kind we builddepends on the temperatures and pressures of a reservoir.

-   -   1. A “dry'” steam reservoir produces steam but very little        water. The steam is piped directly into a “dry” steam power        plant to provide the force to spin the turbine generator. The        largest dry steam field in the world is The Geysers, about 90        miles north of San Francisco. Production of electricity started        at The Geysers in 1960, at what has become the most successful        alternative energy project in history.    -   2. A geothermal reservoir that produces mostly hot water is        called a “hot water reservoir” and is used in a “flash” power        plant. Water ranging in temperature from 300-700 degrees F. is        brought up to the surface through the production well where,        upon being released from the pressure of the deep reservoir,        some of the water flashes into steam after removing silica in a        ‘separator.’ The steam then powers the turbines.    -   3. A reservoir with temperatures between 250-360 degrees F. is        not hot enough to flash enough steam but can still be used to        produce electricity in a “binary” power plant. In a binary        system the geothermal water is passed through a heat exchanger,        where its heat is transferred into a second (binary) liquid,        such as isopentane, that boils at a lower temperature than        water. When heated, the binary liquid flashes to vapor, which,        like steam, expands across and spins the turbine blades. The        vapor is then condensed to a liquid and is reused repeatedly. In        this closed loop cycle, there are no emissions to the air.

It's also a proven, relatively clean energy source. More than 30 nationssitting in earthquake and volcanic zones have extensively usedgeothermal power for decades.

Existing use of geothermal energy is limited with location. Geothermalresources are limited to the “shallow” hydrothermal reservoirs at thecrustal plate boundaries. Much of the world is underlain (3-6 milesdown), by hot dry rock—no water, but lots of heat.

Presently, a cross the globe many countries are looking to the heat ofhot rocks for future energy need. In areas of the world where steam isnot as close to the surface as it is at the geysers, engineers areexperimenting with process called “hot dry rock technology” or “EnhanceGeothermal System” (EGS).

In hot dry rock geothermal technology there is no steam lock up in thehot rocks that exist down under the crust so scientist in the U.S.A.,Japan, England, France, Germany, Belgium and Australia, haveexperimented with piping water into this deep hot rock to create morehydrothermal resources for use in geothermal power plants. The simplesthot dry rock power plant comprises one injection well and two productionwells.

What they try to do is drill down an injection well into the rock andthen inject down into the well, under pressure, what ever water sourcethey happen to have on the surface, hoping that it will travel throughcracks and fissures as an underground heat exchanger in the hot graniteand provide underground reservoir and then drill more production wellsaround perimeter and try to recover that water and steam and pump itback to surface and then use it in a conventional or in a “binary” powerplant.

The invention of the coal-burning steam engine revolutionized industrialproduction in the 18^(th) c. and opened the way to the development ofmechanized transport by rail and sea. The modern steam engine, usinghigh-pressure superheated steam, remains a major source of electricalpower and means of marine propulsion, though oil has replaced coil asthe fuel in many installations and the reciprocating engine has givenway to the steam turbines.

Modern wells, mostly used in oil industry and geothermal plants, drilledusing rotary drills, can achieve lengths of over 38,000 feet (12 000meters). The well is created by drilling a hole 5 to 30 inches (13-76cm) in diameter into the earth. Drilling technology is improving everyday.

A gas flare, alternatively known as a flare stack, is a gas combustiondevice used in industrial plants such as petroleum refineries, chemicalplants, natural gas processing plants as well as at oil or gasproduction sites having oil wells, gas wells, offshore oil and gas rigsand landfills. Whenever industrial plant equipment items areover-pressured, the pressure relief valve provided as essential safetydevice on the equipment automatically release gases which are ignitedand burned. The heat from the flame on top of flare stacks dissipates inair and has not been harnessed efficiently.

Accordingly, there is a need in the field of geothermal energy for anapparatus and method for efficiently using the enormous heat resourcesof the Earth's crust that are accessible by using current drillingtechnology and also a universal portable heat exchange system forharnessing heat from sources such as lava and flare stacks whichotherwise is dissipating in air.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is a new method of using inexhaustible supply ofgeothermal energy effectively. The present invention relates to a selfcontained, in-ground geothermal generator, which continuously produceselectric energy from renewable geothermal resources. Specifically, thisinnovative method uses heat from dry hot rocks, thus overcoming seriouslimitations and obstacles associated with using hydrothermal reservoirs,as is the case in conventional geothermal technology, or in experimentalEnhance Geothermal System (EGS). The generator is not limited to therelatively “shallow” hydrothermal reservoirs as is the case inconventional geothermal power plants.

By lowering the unit with cables into pre-drilled well to the desiredlevel and temperature, geothermal energy becomes controllable andproduction of electric energy becomes available. Electricity is producedby generator at the in-ground unit and is then transmitted up to theground surface by electric cable.

We also have developed a new technology for drilling deeper and widerwell bores which eliminates limitations, well known in contemporarydrilling technologies, relevant to depth and diameter which willdrastically reduce drilling cost, as disclosed in U.S. ProvisionalApplication No. 61/276,967, filed Sep. 19, 2009, and ProvisionalApplication No. 61/395,235, filed May 10, 2010—Title: APPARATUS FORDRILLING FASTER, DEEPER AND WIDER WELL BORE; U.S. ProvisionalApplication No. 61/397,109, filed: Jun. 7, 2010—Title: PROPOSAL FORCONTROLING DISFFUNCTIONAL BLOW OUT PREVENTER; International ApplicationNumber: PCT/US10/49532—Filed on Sep. 20, 2010, (after holyday)-Title:APPARATUS FOR DRILLING FASTER, DEEPER AND WIDER WELL BORE, thedisclosures of which are incorporated by reference.

Relatively cheap and clean electric energy continuously produced fromgeothermal renewable source, beside common use in homes and businesses,can be used for production of hydrogen which can be used as a cleansource of energy in many applications including the auto industry or canbe used to recharge electric car batteries, and can eventually replaceddepleting, expensive and polluting oil, coal and other fossil fuels,which are used to create electricity. Nuclear power plants with verytoxic waste material can also be replaced.

The self contain in-ground geothermal generator comprises a slimcylindrical shape, which, positioned vertically, can be lowered with asystem of cables deep into the ground in a pre-drilled well. The selfcontained generator includes a boiler with water or working fluid,turbines, a gear box, an electric generator, a condenser distributor, acondenser with a system of tubes for returning water back into theboiler, an electric cable for transporting electric energy up to theground surface and a cooling system which comprises a separate system ofclose loop thermally insulated tubes, which are connected with heatexchanger on ground surface.

The self contained in-ground geothermal generator also contains aninternal and external structural cylinder. The space formed betweenexternal and internal cylinders and plurality of tubes within is part ofthe condenser which cools and converts exhausted steam back in liquidstate and returns it back as feed water into boiler for reheating.

In this method of using the geothermal generator, water or working fluidcontained within the boiler is converted to high-pressure, super heatedsteam due to heat from hot rocks contained within a pre-drilled wellbelow the Earth's surface. The steam is used to produce electric energywhich is transmitted up to the ground surface by the electric cable.

The cooling system is a close loop tube which cools condenser bycirculating water through the peripheral chamber of the condenser,formed between external and internal cylinders, and then transfers theheat up on ground surface through thermally insulated pipes. The heat onground surface is then used to produce additional electricity in a“binary” power plant through system of several heat exchangers. Theperipheral chamber of the condenser surrounds and cools turbine andelectric generator departments. Alternatively, the heat exchanger onsurface can be used for heating individual buildings.

The cooling system for self contained geothermal generator is anindependent close loop tube system, which, as an alternative system, canbe modify and operate independently as a heat exchanger. Namely, insteadcirculating water through condenser formed between external and internalcylinders, it can circulate water through coiled pipe, which function asa heat exchanger, deep in ground, and then exchange heat up on theground surface through system of heat exchangers. Both of these twoclose loop systems, (cooling system for self contained in-groundgeothermal generator and an independent in-ground heat exchanger) havethermally insulated pipes to prevent heat exchange between heatexchangers and have at least one water pump to provide liquidcirculation through the pipe line and to reduce hydrostatic pressure atthe lower part of the close loop system.

There are many areas in many countries with earthquake and volcaniczones where hot rocks can be reached in relatively short distance fromthe ground surface.

Self contained geothermal generator is lowered deep in ground to the hotrocks. The bottom part of the boiler may have several vertical indents(groves) to increase its conductive surface thereby increasingconductivity of heat from hot rocks to the water inside boiler, whichproduces high-pressure superheated steam, which than turns the turbines.

The axle of the turbine is a solid shaft and is connected to the axle ofthe rotor of the electric generator, which is a cylindrical shaft thatrotates within generator and produces electricity. The cylindrical shapeof the rotor shaft allows for steam to pass through to the condenser'sdistributor. The cylindrical shaft of the rotor also functions as asecondary turbine. It has a secondary set of small blades attached tothe inside wall and positioned to increase the rotation of the rotor.Exhausted steam then reaches the condenser through a system of tubeswhere the steam condenses and returns to the boiler as feed waterthrough a feed water tank. This process is repetitive and is regulatedwith two sets of steam control valves and boiler feed water pumps, whichcan be activated automatically by pressure or heat or electronically bysensors and a computer in a control room on the ground surface.

The purpose of the gear box, or converter, which is located between theturbines and the generator, is to neutralize momentum produced by thespinning turbines by changing the direction of the rotor of thegenerator. Thus the rotor of the generator spins in the oppositedirection than the main turbines.

The boiler of the self contained in-ground geothermal generator isfilled with water after all assembly is lowered to the bottom of thewell through separate set of tubes to reduce weight of whole assemblyduring lowering process. The same tubes are also used to supply,maintain and regulate necessary level of water in boiler.

The condenser which surrounds and cools turbine and electromagneticgenerator, but not boiler, is insulated from external heat of hot rockswith tick layer of heat resistant insulation. An additional peripherallayer of insulation can be aluminum foil. Whole assembly of the selfcontained in-ground geothermal generator can be treated with specialcoat of rust resistant material.

The boiler of the assembly can be filled, beside water, also withliquid, such as isopentane, that boils at a lower temperature than waterto make the unit functional at less dept or a lower temperature.

Also, coolant for condenser can be filled, beside water, with otherliquid with higher boiling point than water.

The step-up transformer can be added on top of unit or can be separatedfrom assembly and carried with separate cable to reduce the weight ofthe assembly. If needed, several transformers can be added and spaced atnecessary distance (levels). (Transformer is not illustrated in thedrawings). Within the transformer, the voltage is increased before thepower is sent to the surface and power lines to carry electricity tohomes and businesses.

In the boiler there is a safety check valve to release steam, if needed,in emergency such as if control valves malfunction.

There is a set of protruded holding pins on each assembly segment so itcan be carried with a set of separate cables to reduce tension on maincable during lowering or lifting of the assembly.

There are structural ribs between internal and external cylinders toimprove structural integrity of the assembly in high pressureenvironment.

All segments can be welded or bolted on surface during lowering process.

All carrying cables, supply tubes, coolant tubes, control cables,lubrication line and electric cable are at appropriate length segmentedto be easily attached and reattached.

After well is drilled the portable or permanent tower can be built withsystem of ratchets for lowering or lifting the assembly.

The potential for geothermal energy is huge. The Earth has aninexhaustible supply of energy. The question was, until now, how to usethat heat effectively.

With invention presented here, SELF CONTAIN IN-GROUND GEOTHERMALGENERATOR (“SCI-GGG”) and SELF CONTAINED IN-GROUND HEAT EXCHANGER(“SCI-GHE”), with an IN-LINE PUMP we will be able to tap the truepotential of the enormous heat resources of the earth's crust and otherheat sources.

One embodiment of this invention is a method to provide relatively cheapand clean electric energy continuously produced from geothermalrenewable source—not limited to the “shallow” hydrothermal reservoirs.Beside common use in homes and businesses, it can be used for productionof hydrogen which can be used as a clean source of energy in manyapplications including auto industry and eventually replaced depleting,expensive and polluting oil, coal and other fossil fuels which are usedto create electricity. Nuclear power plant with very toxic wastematerial can also be replaced.

Another embodiment of the SCI-GHE system is to be used in reverse orderto heat (warm) the ground adjacent solidified oil formations in order toliquefy it for easier extraction to the ground surface.

A further embodiment of this invention is to provide geothermalgenerator assembled in vertical position, containing boiler with water,turbines, an electric generator, condenser with system of pipesreturning feed water back to the boiler.

A still further embodiment of this invention is to provide a gear box(converter) located between turbines and generator to neutralizemomentum produced by spinning turbines, by changing direction of therotor of the generator to spin in opposite direction of the mainturbines.

Another embodiment of this invention is that the cooling system isindependent close loop tube which has at least two heat exchangers;first one down in the well and second one on the ground surface. Firstone which absorbs heat from condenser by circulating cool water throughthe peripheral chamber of the condenser, formed between external andinternal cylinders, and then transfers the heat up on ground surfacewhere heat is exchanged through second heat exchanger, which is a coiledpipe coupled into binary power unit, and then cooled water returned tothe condenser again.

A further embodiment of this invention is that independent close looptube has at least one pump to circulate water through the system, and toreduce hydrostatic pressure.

A further embodiment of this invention is that an alternativeindependent close loop tube system which has at least two heatexchangers; first one which is a coiled pipe (tube) down in the well andsecond one which is also a coiled pipe (tube) on the ground surface.First one which absorbs heat from surrounding hot rocks by circulatingcool water through heat exchanger (coiled pipe) and then transfers theheat up on ground surface through thermally insulated pipe where heat isexchanged through second heat exchanger (also a coiled pipe).

A further embodiment of this invention is that independent close looptube has at least one pump to circulate water through the system, and toreduce hydrostatic pressure. (The ratio of the speed and pressure insidethe closed loop line are constant. P (pressure)×V (speed)=constant. Morespeed=less pressure.)

A further embodiment of this invention is that each of those two closeloop systems, whether cooling system for self contained in-groundgeothermal generator or an independent in-ground heat exchanger providesslim cylindrical design which is suitable to functions in a single wellwith a set of powerful in-line pumps to provide substantial fluid flow.

Another embodiment of this invention is to provide structural externaland structural internal cylinders with a cooling chamber, the condenserformed between them, which surrounds and cools turbine and electricgenerator departments.

A further embodiment of this invention is that there are structural ribsbetween internal and external cylinders to improve structural integrityof the assembly in high pressure environment.

A still further embodiment of this invention is that all carryingcables, supply tubes, coolant tubes, control cables, lubrication lineand electric cable are at appropriate length segmented to be easilyattached and reattached to the cables connector platforms.

A further embodiment of this invention is that external structuralcylinder of the boiler has external and internal indentations toincrease conductive surface and to increase conductivity of heat to thewater inside boiler.

Another embodiment of this invention is that the boiler of the selfcontained in-ground geothermal generator can be filled with water afterwhole assembly is lowered to the bottom of the well through separatehose to reduce weight of whole assembly during lowering process.

Another embodiment of this invention is that necessary level of waterinside the boiler of the self contained in-ground geothermal generatorcan be supplied and regulated from control room on ground surface.

A farther embodiment of this invention is that condenser which surroundsand cools whole unit, except boiler, is insulated from external heat ofhot rocks with tick layer of heat resistant insulation.

Another embodiment of this invention is that there is a set of protrudedholding pins on each assembly segment so it can be carried with set ofseparate peripheral cables to reduce tension on main cable duringlowering or lifting the assembly.

It is also an embodiment of this invention that geo-thermal energybecomes controllable and production of, relatively cheap, electricenergy available by lowering unit with a cable into a pre-drilled wellto the desired level and temperature.

A further embodiment of this invention is that electricity is producedby a generator at the in-ground unit and transmitted to the groundsurface by electric cable.

Another embodiment of this invention is that the heat exchange systemswhether used to cool condenser of the geothermal generator orindependent in-ground a coil-heat exchanger to absorb heat from hotrocks consist of closed loop system further comprises a series ofin-line water pumps periodically inserted along the closed loop linewherein each of the in-line water pumps consist of electromotorcomprising spiral blade within a hollow central shaft of the rotorcreating a force to move fluid through the closed loop line.

A further embodiment of this invention is that assembling tower can beused as a platform for wind mill if geothermal power plant is located inwindy area.

It is also an embodiment of this invention that this method of producingelectric energy can be used in global climate crises, which couldhappen, such as ice age, in which instant agriculture could continue ingreen houses gardens where artificial lights and heat are applied.

A further embodiment of this invention is that method of producingelectricity with the self contained in-ground geothermal generator canbe applied on another planets and moons with geothermal potential andwhere sun-light is insufficient.

Also, in an embodiment of this invention, a self-contained heatexchanger as an universal portable exchange system can be used in manyapplications for harnessing heat from sources such as lava and flarestacks which otherwise is dissipating in the atmosphere.

It is also an embodiment of this invention that self contained heatexchanger can be used for desalinization of large body of salty water.

A further embodiment of this invention is that In-Line Pump used forfluid circulation in closed loop systems can be also used incross-country pipe-lines as generator in downhill route and aselectromotor in uphill routes.

The foregoing and other features and advantages of the present inventionwill be apparent from the following more detailed description of theparticular embodiments of the invention, as illustrated in theaccompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention will be described with reference to the figures of which:

FIG. 1 is a cross sectional view of a self contained in-groundgeothermal generator, with main segments in accordance with theinvention;

FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view taken along line 1-1′ of FIG. 3 of aself contained in-ground geothermal generator, in accordance with theinvention;

FIG. 3 is a cross sectional view of the condenser distributor along line3-3′ of FIG. 2, in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 4 is a cross sectional view of the condenser and generator alongline 4-4′ of FIG. 2, in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged cross sectional view along line 5-5′ of FIG. 2illustrating the condenser and the gear box, in accordance with theinvention;

FIG. 6 is cross sectional view along line 6-6′ of FIG. 5, in accordancewith the invention;

FIG. 7 is cross sectional view along line 7-7′ of FIG. 5, in accordancewith the invention;

FIG. 8 is cross sectional view along line 8-8′ of FIG. 5, in accordancewith the invention;

FIG. 9 is cross sectional view of the condenser and the turbines alongline 9-9′ of FIG. 2, in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 10 is cross sectional view of the feed water storage tank andturbines along line 10-10′ of FIG. 2, in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 11 is cross sectional view of the boiler along line 11-11′ of FIG.2, in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of cross sectional view of the selfcontained in-ground geothermal generator, with main segments includingheat exchanger on the ground surface, in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of cross sectional view of an alternativeindependent heat exchange system, with main segments including a closeloop line, one heat exchanger deep in the ground and one on the groundsurface, in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of cross sectional view of the binarygeothermal power plant on the ground surface, in accordance with theinvention;

FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of cross sectional view of an alternativegeothermal power plant on the ground surface, in accordance with theinvention;

FIG. 16 is plain view of the geothermal power plant with 24 wells andcontrol center. For clarity and simplicity, is shown schematic diagramonly of one quarter of the plant (6 wells), in accordance with theinvention;

FIG. 17 is enlarged schematic diagram of the one section of thegeothermal power plant shown in FIG. 16 in accordance with theinvention;

FIG. 18 is enlarged plain view of one heat exchanger tank illustrated inFIGS. 16 and 17, in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 19 is an enlarged cross sectional view of the heat exchanger tanktaken along line 19-19′ of FIG. 18, in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 20 illustrate a cross sectional view of an alternative tower forassembling, lowering or lifting the self contained in-ground geothermalgenerator, in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 21 illustrate a cross sectional view of an alternative tower forassembling, lowering or lifting the self contained in-ground geothermalgenerator, with wind mill installed on it, in accordance with theinvention;

FIG. 22 is a cross sectional view taken along line 22-22′ of FIG. 23 ofan in-line pump in accordance with the invention; and

FIG. 23 is a cross sectional view taken along line 23-23′ of FIG. 22 ofan in-line pump in accordance with the invention.

FIG. 24 illustrate an alternative schematic cross sectional diagram ofthe heat exchange system shown in FIG. 13, with main segments includinga thermally insulated close loop line, one heat exchanger in heat sourceenvironment and one in preferred environment, in accordance with theinvention;

FIG. 25 illustrate a schematic pain view diagram of the heat exchangesystem shown in FIG. 24 to be used in dysfunctional nuclear powercomplex in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 26 illustrate a schematic diagram of the heat exchange system shownin FIG. 24 to be used for production of electricity in a location wherelava is accessible in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 27 illustrate a schematic cross sectional diagram of the heatexchange system shown in FIG. 24 to be used for production ofelectricity from heat source such as oil well flare stacks in accordancewith the invention;

FIG. 28 illustrate a schematic cross sectional diagram of an alternativeheat exchange system shown in FIG. 27;

FIG. 29 is a plain view of the heat exchange system shown in FIG. 24 tobe used for production of electricity from geothermal source anddesalinization of salty body of water in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 30 is an cross sectional view taken along line 30-30′ of FIG. 29,in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 31 is an cross sectional view taken along line 31-31′ of FIG. 29,in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 32 illustrate a perspective cross sectional diagram of analternative heat exchange system to be used in desalinization plan shownin FIGS. 29-31;

FIG. 33 is a schematic diagram of cross sectional view of the cable andtube connector assembly in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 34 is an cross sectional view taken along line 33-33′ of FIG. 34,of the cable and tube connector assembly in accordance with theinvention;

FIG. 35 is an cross sectional view taken along line 34-34′ of FIG. 33,in accordance with the invention; and

FIG. 36 is an cross sectional view taken along line 35-35′ of FIG. 33,in accordance with the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Referring now to FIG. 1, the self contain in-ground geothermal generatorcomprises a slim cylindrical shape, which, positioned vertically, can belowered with a system of cables deep into the ground in a pre-drilledwell. The self contained in-ground geothermal generator 100 of theinvention is shown in cross sectional view, with main segments. The mainelements of the assembly 100 are: the boiler 120, the turbinecompartment 130, the gear box, or converter 140, the electric generator150, the condenser/distributor 160, and system of cables and tubes 170which includes electric cable for transporting electric energy up to theground surface.

Referring now to FIG. 2, enlarged cross sectional view of the selfcontain in-ground geothermal generator 100 shown in FIG. 1, taken alongline 2-2′ of FIG. 3. The main elements of the assembly 100 are: theboiler 120, the turbine compartment 130, the gear box, or converter 140,the electric generator 150, the condenser 160 with distributor chamber61 and peripheral chamber 68 with system of tubes 62 for returningexhausted condensed steam as a feed water back into the boiler, andsystem of cables and tubes 170.

The System of cables and tubes 170 includes peripheral caring cables 74,main caring cable 75, control cable 76, boiler supply tubes 121, coolingsystem tubes 72, and main electric cable 77, for transporting electricenergy up to the ground surface.

The boiler 120 includes lower part having a water tank area 122 andupper part having a steam area 124. The assembly 100 has a hook eye 71and can be attached by hook 73 and cable 75 or with system of pulleysand cables and then lowered into pre-drilled well deep in the ground tothe level where rocks heated by magma deep below the Earth's surfaceboils the water in the water tank area 122 of the lower part of theboiler 120. The steam in the steam area 124 of the upper part of theboiler 120 is also heated by surrounding hot rocks producing superheatedsteam. High-pressured superheated steam passes through a set of steamcontrol valve 88 into a turbines compartment 130, which has a set ofblades 32 which are attached to a solid shaft 34 and spins it. The solidshaft 34 of the turbines is connected to a cylindrical shaft 52 of theelectric generator 150 through a gear box or converter 140. Steam fromthe turbine compartment is stirred through a set of openings 36 andthrough the cylindrical shaft 52 of the generator 150 into thedistributor chamber 61 of the condenser 160. Exhausted steam then startscondensing and is stirred through the set of openings 63 into aplurality of tubes 62 and back into the feed water tank 110 and thenpumped into boiler 120 through boiler feed pump 112 and boiler feed pipe114.

Here are also illustrated a structural external cylinder 90 andstructural internal cylinder 80. The peripheral chamber 68 of thecondenser 160 is formed in space between external cylinder 90 andinternal cylinder 80. The peripheral chamber 68 has plurality of tubes62 within, as explained above. There are structural ribs 85 betweeninternal and external cylinders to improve structural integrity of theassembly in high pressure environment. The ribs 85 have holes 87 forwater circulation. (For clarity and simplicity of the illustration theribs 85 are not shown in FIGS. 1 and 2).

The cooling system is an independent close loop tube which has at leasttwo heat exchangers; first one down in the well and second one on theground surface. First one which absorbs heat from condenser bycirculating cool water through the peripheral chamber of the condenser,formed between external and internal cylinders, and then transfers theheat up on ground surface through thermally insulated closed loop pipeswhere heat is exchanged through second heat exchanger, which is a coiledpipe, and then cooled water returned to the condenser again.

The cooling system consists of a close loop thermally insulated tube 72,one heat exchanger deep underground, which is peripheral chamber 68 ofthe condenser 160 and second one the coiled pipe 182 on the groundsurface. (The coiled pipe 182 on the ground surface is shown in FIG.12).

The close loop tube 72 is attached to the peripheral chamber 68 of thecondenser 160 through cooling water pumps 172 and 174. The cooling waterpump 172 injects cooled water through pipe 178 to the bottom of theperipheral chamber 68. Water cools condenser by circulating through theperipheral chamber 68 of the condenser 160. The hot water, whichnaturally rises to the upper part of the peripheral chamber 68, is theninjected through water pump 174 into other end of the tube 72 and takenup to the ground surface where heat is exchanged through coil tube 182,which is part of heat exchanger 184, and then returns cooled water toperipheral chamber 68 of the condenser 160. The heat on ground surfaceis then used to produce additional electricity in a “binary” power plantthrough system of several heat exchangers (Explained in FIG. 12-19).

The peripheral chamber 68, which is part of the condenser 160, isstrategically positioned so that besides cooling condenser 160, alsosurrounds, cools and prevent from overheating turbines 130, gearbox/converter 140, and electromagnetic generator 150.

The close loop tube 72 have at least one water pump 172 in line(preferably several) to provide water circulation through the thermallyinsulated tube line and to reduce hydrostatic pressure at the lower partof the close loop system. If necessary several close loop tube 72 can beinstalled on unite to speed up cooling and heat exchange process. Theratio of speed and pressure inside closed loop line are constant. P(pressure)×V (speed)=constant. More speed=less pressure.

As an alternative solution; the peripheral chamber 68 of the condenser160 can be supplied and cooled with an additional independent coiledmetal pipe (heat exchanger) and close loop system similar to one shownin FIG. 13.

The peripheral wall of the boiler 120 can have indentations to increaseconductive surface and to increase conductivity of heat to the waterinside boiler (For simplicity not shown).

The boiler 120 is filled with water, after whole assembly of the selfcontained in-ground geothermal generator 100 is lowered to the bottom ofthe well, through set of tubes 121, to reduce weight of assembly duringlowering process. Illustrated are two tubes 121 attached to the unit—oneto supply water into boiler 120 and other to let air escape duringfilling process. Also important purpose of the tubes 121 is to supply,maintain and regulate necessary level of water in boiler 120.

All main elements of the assembly 100; the boiler 120, the turbinecompartment 130, the gear box, or converter 140, the electric generator150, and the condenser/distributor 160, can be assembled during loweringprocess by fusing multi sections of same kind to the desired length andcapacity. The fusing process can be bolting or welding.

There is a set of protruded holding pins 66 on each assembly segment soit can be carried with set of separate peripheral cables 74 to reducetension on main cable 75 during lowering or lifting the assembly.

The condenser 68, which is formed between structural external 90 andstructural internal 80 cylinders, which surrounds and cools whole unit,except boiler 120, is insulated from external heat of hot rocks withtick layer of heat resistant insulation 92.

The boiler 120 has a safety check valve 126 to release steam, if needed,in emergency such as if control valves malfunction, etc.

The purpose of the gear box or converter 140, which is located betweenturbines 130 and the electric generator 150, is to neutralize momentumproduced by the spinning turbines 33 by changing the direction of therotor 54 of the generator 150. Thus the rotor 54 of the generator 150spins in the opposite direction than the main turbines 33. If needed,several gear boxes or converters 140 can be installed into generatorcompartment to neutralize or balance momentum produced by the spinningturbines and generators.

Referring now to FIG. 5-8, the upper end of turbines shaft 34 is solidlyconnected with disk/platform 35 which extend to the peripheral cylinder41 of the gear box 140, with which is secured and engage with system ofbearings 42 and gears wheels 43. Gear box is secured to the mainstructural cylinder 80. Disk/platform 35 has several openings 36 forsteam to leave turbines compartment. Disk/platform 35 also extendsupwardly in shape of funnel 39 for steam to be funneled into cylindricalshaft 52 of the electric generator 150. The cylindrical shaft 52 of therotor 54 also functions as a secondary turbine. It has secondary set ofsmall blades 58 attached to the inside wall and positioned so toincrease rotation of the rotor when steam passes through.

Disk/platform 35 is engage with upper disc/platform 37 through set ofgear wheels 43, which are secured with peripheral cylinder 41 of thegear box 140 with their axles/pins 44. The upper disk/platform 37 isalso engage with upper part 38 of the funnel 39 through bearing 46 andwith peripheral cylinder 41 of the gear box 140 through bearing 47 andis also solidly connected to cylindrical shaft 52 of the generator 150.Disk/platform 35 and disk/platform 37 have carved grooves 45 whichengage and correspond with gear wheels 43.

FIG. 3, is a cross sectional view of the condenser/distributor 160 alongline 3-3′ of FIG. 2. FIG. 3 illustrates the main structural internalcylinder 80, the external structural cylinder 90, thecondenser/distributor 61, and the peripheral chamber 68 of the condenser160 which surrounds the condenser/distributor 61. Here are also showntubes 62 spread around the peripheral chamber 68. Exhausted steam passesthrough openings 63 which lead to tubes 62 which then return condensedwater to the boiler 120. Here is also shown solid disk/platform 94 whichseparate generator 150 from condenser 160. Upper end of cylindricalshaft 52 is secured and engaged to the disk/platform 94 through bearing96.

Here is also shown pipe 178 which brings cooled water at the bottom ofthe peripheral chamber 68. Also shown here are boiler supply tubes 121for filling boiler with water after assembly is lowered down into well.Also shown here are structural ribs 85 between internal and externalcylinders to improve structural integrity of the assembly in highpressure environment. Here are also shown protruded holding pins 66 forcaring each segment of the assembly with set of peripheral cables 74 toreduce tension on main cable 75 during lowering or lifting the assembly.(Caring cables not shown).

Here is also shown electrical conduit 77 which transport electricityfrom generator 150 up to the ground surface and further to the powerlines. Also shown here is heat resistant insulation 92 which surroundswhole assembly except boiler 120.

FIG. 4, is a cross sectional view of the electric generator 150 alongline 4-4′ of FIG. 2. FIG. 4 also illustrate main structural internalcylinder 80, external structural cylinder 90, the peripheral chamber 68of the condenser 160 with tubes 62 spread around the peripheral chamber68. Here is also illustrated cylindrical shaft 52, rotor 54 of theelectric generator 150 which is fix to the shaft 52, and stator 56 ofthe electric generator 150 which is fix to the main internal structuralcylinder 80. Here are also shown protruded holding pins 66 for caringeach segment, but offset relative to adjacent segment so that peripheralcables 74 can be spread all around periphery of the assembly. Also shownhere are structural ribs 85 with perforations 87, the electrical conduit77, boiler supply tubes 121, the pipe 178 and insulation 92.

FIG. 9 is cross sectional view of the condenser and the turbines alongline 9-9′ of FIG. 2.

FIG. 9 also illustrate main structural internal cylinder 80, externalstructural cylinder 90, the peripheral chamber 68 of the condenser 160with tubes 62 spread around the peripheral chamber 68. Also shown hereare structural ribs 85 with perforations 87.

Here are also illustrated solid turbines shaft 34 with blades 32, boilersupply tubes 121, the pipe 178, and insulation 92. Here are also shownprotruded holding pins 66 for caring each segment, but offset relativeto adjacent segment.

FIG. 10 is cross sectional view of the feed water storage tank andturbines along line 10-10′ of FIG. 2. FIG. 10 also illustrate mainstructural internal cylinder 80 and extended external structuralcylinder 90 which, at this location, forms the feed water storage tank110. Here are also shown the boiler feed pumps 112 located in the feedwater storage tank 110 which inject feed water into boiler 120. Alsoshown here are steam control valves 88 which controls flow of steam intoturbines 33. Here are also shown water pumps 116 located on thedisc/platform 82 at the bottom of the turbines compartment 130. Thepurpose of water pumps 116 is to removes excess water, if accumulated atthe bottom of turbines compartment 130, and to eject it into feed waterstorage tank 110 through pipes 117. (For clarity and simplicity thepumps 116 are not shown in FIG. 2). Also shown here are waterpumps/valves 125 and tube 121 which supply, maintain and regulatenecessary level of water in boiler 120. Here is also shown the solidshaft 34 of the turbines 33 with set of bearings 84 and 96 on which theshaft 34 sits and is secured on the disc/platform 82. Also shown is theinsulation 92.

FIG. 11 is cross sectional view of the boiler 120 along line 11-11′ ofFIG. 2. Here is illustrated peripheral wall/cylinder 128 of the boiler120. Also shown here are protruded holding pins 66 for caring eachsegment of the assembly with set of peripheral cables as explainedearlier. Here holding pins 66 are shown as extensions of the rod 65. Therod 65 has openings 118 for guiding feed pipe 114 to the lower part 122of the boiler 120.

Also here is shown safety release valve 126 and reinforcing plates 129.

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of cross sectional view of the selfcontained in-ground geothermal generator, with main segments includingheat exchanger on the ground surface. The self contained in-groundgeothermal generator (SCI-GGG) uses three closed loop systems. The firstclosed loop system circulates working fluid through boiler, turbine,generator, condenser and back through boiler. The second closed loopsystem (self contained heat exchanger) circulates fluid throughcondenser, thermally insulated pipes and coil coupled to binary powerunit on the ground surface. The self contained heat exchanger (SCHE) isintegral part of the SCI-GGG apparatus and can be used separately as anindependent heat exchanger. The third closed loop system circulatesworking fluid through binary power unit on the ground surface andproduces additional electricity. FIG. 12 illustrates the boiler 120, theturbines 130, the gear box 140, the electric generator 150, and thecondenser 160. Here is also shown peripheral chamber 68 of the condenser160 which function as a heat exchanger by cooling tubes 62 which arespread within. (For simplicity and clarity tubes 62 are not shown here).Here is also shown coil tube 182 which exchanges heat in a heatexchanger 184 up on the ground surface, which is part of the binarygeothermal power plant 180, which is explained in FIG. 14. Theperipheral chamber 68 of the condenser 160, which function as a heatexchanger down in the unite and coiled pipe 182, which exchanges heat ina heat exchanger 184 up on the ground surface are connected with closeloop tubes 72 which are thermally insolated to prevent lousing heatduring fluid transport between heat exchangers. Here are alsoillustrated several water pumps 172 and 174 which circulate waterthrough close loop system. An alternative in-line pump is laterexplained and illustrated in FIGS. 22 and 23. Also here is shown cableconnector platform 176 which connects segments of tubes and cables. Alsohere is shown main cable 75, and insulation layer 92.

FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of cross sectional view of analternative, independent, self contained heat exchange system. The selfcontained heat exchanger (SCHE) apparatus is integral part of the selfcontained in-ground geothermal generator (SCI-GGG) apparatus(illustrated in FIG. 12) and is used separately as an independent heatexchanger. Here in FIG. 13 is illustrated the self contained heatexchanger (SCHE) apparatus with two closed loop systems. The mainsegments of first closed loop system include; a close loop tube, firstheat exchanger 168 deep in the ground at heat source and second heatexchanger 182 up on the ground surface which is part of the secondclosed loop system which is binary power unit 184. The second closedloop system circulates working fluid through binary power unit on theground surface and produces additional electricity. The main segments ofsecond closed loop system include; a boiler, a turbine, a generator andcondenser (illustrated in FIG. 14). Here in FIG. 13 are illustrated thesame elements of the cooling system shown in FIG. 12, namely; one heatexchanger deep in the ground at heat source and one up on the groundsurface and one close loop thermally insulated tube with several in-linewater pumps which circulates water through close loop system.

In this embodiment, instead of peripheral chamber 68 which functions asa heat exchanger, a coiled pipe 188 is used which functions as a firstheat exchanger 168. The heat exchanger 168 consists of; the strait pipe189, the coiled pipe 188, the structural pipe 187 and the platform 186.The structural pipe 187 which provide strength to the unit is attachedto the platform 186. The structural pipe 187 has one opening at thebottom for strait pipe 189 to exit and one opening at top for straittube 189 to enter. The structural pipe 187, which prevent coiled pipe188 from collapsing from its weight, may have more perforations ifnecessary to reduce its weight and to provide more heat to the straitpipe 189. The spacers which keep distances between coils in coiled pipe188 and structural pipe 187 are not illustrated. Here is also shown base185 of structural pipe 187 on which whole assembly rest. Alternatively,structural pipe 187 can be adapted to perform the function of the straitpipe 189.

The coiled pipe 188 which functions as first heat exchanger 168 down inthe ground and coiled pipe 182 which functions as second heat exchanger184 up on the ground surface are connected with close loop tube 72. Hereare also illustrated several in-line water pumps 172 and 174 whichcirculate water through close loop system. The heat from hot rocks deepin the well is absorbed through first heat exchanger 168 and transportedwith thermally insulated pipe 72 up to the ground surface to the secondheat exchanger 184 where its heat is transferred into a binary powerunit which uses working fluids, such as isopentane, that boils at alower temperature than water. The heat exchanger 184 is part of thebinary geothermal power plant 180, which is explained in FIG. 14.

Also here is shown cable connector platform 176 which connects segmentsof tubes 72 and cable 75. Connector platform 176 or a plurality ofplatforms 176 may also function as a barrier(s) or a plug(s) to reducethe amount of heat escaping from the well bore.

The heat exchange system explained here in FIG. 13. is an alternativecooling system for a self-contained in-ground geothermal generator canalso function as an alternative, independent, heat exchange system,which would be substantial improvement to experimental process so called“hot dry rock technology”.

The simplest “hot dry rock technology” power plant comprises oneinjection well and two production wells. Scientist are trying to drilldown injection well into the rocks and then inject down into well, underpressure, what ever water source they have happen to have on the surfacehoping that water will travel through cracks and fissures of the hotrocks and form underground reservoir, and then they intend to drillproduction wells around perimeter and try to recover that water andsteam by pumping it back to surface and then use it in a conventional orin a “binary” power plant.

Binary plants use lower-temperature, but much more common, hot waterresources (100° F.-300° F.). The hot water is passed through a heatexchanger in conjunction with a secondary (hence, “binary plant”) fluidwith a lower boiling point (usually a hydrocarbon such as isobutane orisopentane). The secondary fluid vaporizes, which turns the turbines,which drive the generators. The remaining secondary fluid is simplyrecycled through the heat exchanger. The geothermal fluid is condensedand returned to the reservoir.

It remains to be seen if presently experimental “hot dry rocktechnology” can function as expected and answer special challenges:

-   -   1. It requires a huge amount of water to form, deep down, man        made, hydrothermal reservoir in a place where water has not been        naturally accumulated.    -   2. Would a huge amount of water be lost, absorbed into rocks in        different directions?    -   3. How much of water, if any, could reach production well        through cracks and fissures in the hot rocks?    -   4. How mach water, if any can be recovered and pumped back on        ground surface to be used in a conventional or in a “binary”        power plant?    -   5. Also, during pumping up water to the surface through        production well water will pass through layers of gradually less        hot rocks and eventually through cold rocks close to the        surface—how much of the heat will be lost and how much of water        will be lost—absorbed into rocks during trip up?    -   6. There is strong indications that experimental Enhanced        Geothermal System (EGS) can induce seismicity because injected        water can find underground pockets (caves) and with high        pressure and temperature can induce explosion.

The heat exchange system explained here in FIG. 13 is a simple systemwhich uses the same amount of water all the time because it is literallyclose loop system, not just binary part on the ground surface but alsopart down in the ground. It doesn't deal with removing silica andminerals in a separator from the geothermal fluid.

It doesn't lose water into cracks and fissures of the hot rocks becausewater circulates through coiled pipe and houses. The lost of heat on thetrip up is limited because pipes are thermally insolated. It doesn'trequire several wells to function (injection well and several productionwells) it rather uses single well for each unit. The heat exchangesystem explained herein in FIG. 13 as well the apparatus explained inFIG. 12 can operate, not just in dry hot rocks areas but also, in areaswith hydrothermal reservoirs and many other applications includingcooling dysfunctional nuclear reactors or in reverse process warmingsurroundings if needed.

FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of cross sectional view of the binarygeothermal power plant 180. Here are illustrated; the heat exchanger184, the turbines 230, the condenser 260 and electric generator 250. Hotwater from deep underground passes through close loop tube 72 into coil182 inside heat exchanger 184 where its heat is transferred into asecond (binary) liquid, such as isopentane, that boils at a lowertemperature than water. When heated, the binary liquid flashes to vapor,which, like steam, expands across, passes through steam pipe 222 andcontrol valve 288 and then spins the turbine 230. Exhausted vapor isthen condensed to a liquid in the condenser 260 and then is pumped backinto boiler 220 through feed pipe 214 and boiler feed pump 212. In thisclosed loop cycle, vapor is reused repeatedly and there are no emissionsto the air. The shaft of the turbines 230 is connected with shaft of theelectric generator 250 which spins and produces electricity, which isthen transported through electric cable 277 to transformer and grid lineto the users. (Transformer and grid line are not illustrated). Thebinary power unit 180 can be produced as portable unit on wheels (onchase of truck 18 wheeler). The condenser 260 is elongated to reduceback pressure which exists after steam passes through turbinecompartment 230. The length of the condenser 260 can be increased ifneeded.

FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of cross sectional view of a geothermalpower plant 190 (not a binary power plant), as an alternative solutionfor cases where water coming from tube 72 is hot enough to producesteam. (It may be applicable in an alternative, independent, heatexchange system shown in FIG. 13). Here are illustrated; the boiler 220,the turbines 230, the condenser 260 and electric generator 250. Hotwater from deep underground passes through close loop tube 72 intoboiler 220 where evaporates. The steam then passes through steam pipe222 and control valve 288 and then spins the turbine 230. Exhaustedvapor is then condensed to a liquid in the condenser 260, which can beair or water cooled, and then is pumped back into close loop tube 72which leads into well as explain earlier. Here is also shown feed pipe214 and water pump 212 which are part of close loop system. Here is alsoshown shaft of the turbines 230 which is connected with shaft of theelectric generator 250 which spins and produces electricity. Electricityis then transported through electric cable 277 to transformer and gridline to the users. (Transformer and grid line are not illustrated).

FIGS. 16 and 17 illustrate plain view of the geothermal power plant 300with 24 wells and control center 200 in accordance with the invention.For clarity and simplicity, here is shown schematic diagram only of onequarter of the plant, 6 wells 19-24, and three binary power units 132,142 and 152. The other three quarters of the power plant are identical.

As explained earlier the cooling system of the self contained in-groundgeothermal generator 100, is a close loop tube system which coolscondenser by circulating water through the peripheral chamber 68 of thecondenser 160, formed between external and internal cylinders 90 and 80,and then transfers the heat up on ground surface. The heat on the groundsurface is then used to produce additional electricity in a “binary”power plant through system of several heat exchangers and then returnedas cooled water to the relevant peripheral chamber 68 of the condenser160.

Here are illustrated three “binary” power units 132, 142 and 152 whichare connected with six self contained in-ground geothermal generatorsinside wells 19-24.

Each of those three binary power units 132, 142 and 152 consist of: theboilers 133, 143 and 153, the turbines 134, 144 and 154 and the electricgenerators 135, 145 and 155.

The boiler 133 of the binary production unit 132 has six heat exchangecoils 319, 320, 321, 322, 323 and 324, which are connected to thecondensers 160 of the relevant self contained in-ground geothermalgenerators, inside wells 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 and 24 with one end of thetube of close loop system.

Before other end of the tube of close loop system reaches the condensers160 of the relevant self contained in-ground geothermal generatorsinside wells 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 and 24 and complete close loop cycle, italso passes through boilers 143 and 153 of the binary production units142 and 152. The purpose of it is to exchange heat and use it on theground surface in the binary production units as much as possible and tosend back cooled water to the condensers 160. For clarity andsimplicity, any radiant tubing is not shown and directions of the flowthrough line are marked with arrow sign.

The boiler 143 of the binary production unit 142 has also six heatexchange coils 419, 420, 421, 422, 423 and 424.

The boiler 153 of the binary production unit 152 has also six heatexchange coils 519, 520, 521, 522, 523 and 524.

The boiler 133 of the binary production unit 132 produces the hotteststeam because it is the first station where heat is exchanged throughcoils 319, 320, 321, 322, 323 and 324.

The boiler 143 of the binary production unit 142 is the second stationwhere heat is exchanged through coils 419, 420, 421, 422, 423 and 424,and steam temperature is lesser than in boiler 133.

The boiler 153 of the binary production unit 152 is the third stationwhere heat is exchanged through coils 519, 520, 521, 522, 523 and 524,and steam temperature is lesser than in boiler 143.

The binary power units 132, 142 and 152 are designed to operate atdifferent steam temperature and presser.

As an alternative solution; the steam from boilers 133, 143 and 153,which deal with different temperature and pressure, can be funneled to asingle binary power unit with single turbine and generator.

As an alternative solution; after leaving coils 519, 520, 521, 522, 523and 524 of the binary production unit 152, if water is still hot, thetube 72 can be cooled with running water, if available, or can be usedfor heating building.

FIG. 17 is enlarged schematic diagram of the one section of thegeothermal power plant 300 shown in FIG. 16.

FIG. 18 is enlarged plain view of the boiler 133 of the binaryproduction unit 132 illustrated in FIGS. 16 and 17. Here are shown heatexchange coils 319, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324 and main steam pipe 222.

FIG. 19 is an enlarged cross sectional view of the boiler 133 of thebinary production unit 132 taken along line 19-19′ of FIG. 18. Here arealso shown heat exchange coils 322, 323, and 324 from which its heat istransferred into a second (binary) liquid, such as isopentane, thatboils at a lower temperature than water. When heated, the binary liquidflashes to vapor, which, like steam, expands across, passes throughsteam pipe 222. (The process is explained in binary power plant earlierin FIG. 14). Here is also shown feed pipe 214 through which exhaustedvapor are returned into boiler 133 for reheating.

FIG. 20 illustrate a cross sectional view of an alternative tower 240for assembling, lowering or lifting the self contained in-groundgeothermal generator 100. Here are shown structural frame 249 of thetower 240. Also shown here are well 19, lining of the well 247,foundation platform 248, and system of ratchets 242 and 246 for maincable 75 and peripheral cables 74. (Cables are not shown).

FIG. 21 illustrate a cross sectional view of an alternative tower 241for assembling, lowering or lifting the self contained in-groundgeothermal generator 100, with wind mill 245 installed on it, as anadditional source of energy if geothermal power plant is located inwindy area. The tower 241 is similar as tower 240 illustrated in FIG. 20with addition of extension element 235. Here are also shown structuralframe 249, well 19, lining of the well 247, foundation platform 248, andsystem of ratchets 242 and 246 for main cable 75 and peripheral cables74. (Cables are not shown). Also illustrated here are conventionalgenerator with gear box 244 and blades 243. The objective of thisaddition is to use assembling tower also as a platform for wind mill. Itwill be understood that the tower 241 may be permanent or temporary.

FIGS. 22 and 23 show an in-line pump 172 which is part of the heatexchange systems of the apparatuses illustrated in FIGS. 12 and 13. Thein-line pump 172 also illustrated (numbered) as 174 is a replaceablesegment in closed loop line 72 of the heat exchange system of theapparatuses illustrated in FIGS. 12 and 13. In-line pump 172 is anelectric motor 91 consisting of a rotor 102 and a stator 104. The rotor102 consists of a hollow shaft 50 which is fixedly surrounded with anelectromagnetic coil 93. The stator 104 consists of a cylinder 105 whichis housing of the motor 91 and is fixedly engaged with electromagneticcoil 95. Stator 104 and rotor 102 are engaged through two sets of ballbearings 97 and additional set of sealant bearings 98. The cylinder 105of the motor 91 has diameter reduction on each end and is coupled withthe connector platform 176 which connects segments of the closed loopline 72. The hollow shaft 50 has continuous spiral blades 51 formed onthe inner side of the hollow shaft 50. When electro motor 91 isactivated the hollow shaft 50 which is central element of the rotor 102rotates with the continuous spiral blade 51 which is coupled within thehollow central shaft 50 of the rotor 102 creating a force to move fluidthrough the closed loop line 72. The spiral blade(s) 51 can also befixed within the hollow central shaft 50. The shape of the inline pump172 is cylindrical and slim, thus suitable to fit in limited spaces suchas well bore. The slim cylindrical shape of the inline pump 172 has nolimitation on length therefore power of the electromotor can beincreased to provided substantial pumping force as needed for fluid tocirculate at certain speed.

The in-line pump 172 can be used in many applications whereversubstantial pumping force is needed. For example with minor additions(not shown) like forming extra space by adding an additional peripheralcylinder filled with oil to provide buoyancy to this in-line pump 172can be used in deep water drilling as a segment of raiser pipe. Further,the closed loop line 72 may be, but is not limited to, a closed loopsystem line. Alternatively, the in-line pump 172 can be used for pumpingup fluid from a reservoir in which underground pressure is low(geo-pressure). For example the in-line pump 172 can be used for pumpingup oil from oil wells (reservoirs) in which underground pressure(geo-pressure) is low, or any other type of fluid from a reservoir, suchas, but not limited to, water or natural gas. The in-line pump 172 canbe inserted as a repetitive segment of the raiser pipe through which oilis pumped up to the ground surface. The in-line pump can be programmedor equipped with sensors so the pump can be activated when submerged orfilled with fluid. The hollow shaft 50 with continuous spiral blades 51formed on the inner side of the hollow shaft can be produced by aligningand welding pre-machined two halves. Alternatively, the shaft can beproduced by aligning and welding prefabricated several segments ofspiral blade with section of the wall of the hollow shaft (cylinder).

The in-line pump 172 is an electromotor cylindrical shape and can beinserted as a repetitive segment in line and has no limitation on lengththerefore the power of the electromotor can be increased to impartneeded pumping force for fluid to circulate at desired speed. Forexample the in-line pump 172 can be used in cross country pipe line foroil, gas, water, etc. as a repetitive segment. In downhill route it canfunction as a generator and produce electricity which can be used tosupplement power to the electromotor In-Line Pump in horizontal anduphill route.

FIG. 24 illustrate an alternative schematic cross sectional diagram ofan universal heat exchange system 210 shown in FIG. 13, with mainsegments including a thermally insulated close loop line 72 with anin-line pump 172, first heat exchanger 168 positioned in heat sourceenvironment “A” and the second heat exchanger 182 positioned inpreferred environment “B”. By circulating heat exchanging fluid throughclosed loop system heat is extracted from heat source through the firstheat exchanger 168 and transferred through thermally insulated line 72to the second heat exchanger 182 for external use including productionof electricity. The heat exchange system 210 is portable and can be usedin many applications. This illustration is only a schematic diagram ofthe heat exchange system so details such as fluid expansion reservoirand safety valves are not illustrated.

FIG. 25 illustrates a schematic plain view diagram of the heat exchangesystem 210 shown in FIG. 24 to be used in dysfunctional nuclear powercomplex, such as, but not limited to Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear PowerComplex, to improve issues with heat transfer and Ocean contamination.It has been reported these days that dysfunctional nuclear reactor iscooled by pouring salty water over it and then collecting thatradioactive water into reservoirs and repeating the process. Leakage ofradioactive water has been detected on the ground and in the Ocean. Herein FIG. 25 is illustrated dysfunctional nuclear reactor 163, Ocean 165and closed loop heat exchanger system 210. The first heat exchanger 168is lowered into dysfunctional nuclear reactor 163 and the second heatexchanger 182 is lowered into nearby Ocean 165. By circulating heatexchanging fluid through closed loop system 210 heat is extracted fromdysfunctional nuclear reactor 163 and transferred through the first heatexchanger 168 and through thermally insulated line 72, which is formedfrom repetitive segments, to the second heat exchanger 182 and dispersedsafely into the Ocean 165. Multiple units of the closed loop system 210can be deployed with additional insulations if needed. Heat exchangefluid in closed loop system 210 is not in direct contact withradioactive material in dysfunctional nuclear reactor 163 or the Ocean165. Although here in FIG. 25 is shown method how to extract heat fromdysfunctional reactor(s) and disperse it safely into the Ocean, as afirst task to improve desperate emergency situation, if needed,additional elements such as mobile power units can be implemented nearbyto produce needed electricity in the process as shown in FIG. 26 andothers illustrations of this invention.

FIG. 26 illustrates a schematic diagram of the heat exchange system 210shown in FIG. 24 to be used for production of electricity in locationwhere lava is accessible, such as, but not limited to Hawaii. Here inFIG. 26 are illustrated two posts/towers 192 and 194 erected on eitherside of a lava flow/tube 196 with cable 193 suspended between them. Thefirst heat exchanger 168 is lowered at safe distance closed to lava flow196 and the second heat exchanger 182 is coupled into boiler/evaporator220 of the binary power unit 180 which is explained in FIGS. 14 and 15.Here are also illustrated turbines 230, generator 250 and condenser 260.Here is also illustrated cooling system for the condenser 260 consistingof additional closed loop system 270 which consist of severalinterconnected back pressure reducing cylinders 262, with coiled heatexchangers 268 inside, thermally insulating lines 272 and heat exchanger282 submerged into Ocean 165. There is also an in-line pump 172 tocirculate heat exchanging fluid through closed loop system 270. Thecondenser 260 is elongated with back pressure reducing cylinders 262 toreduce back pressure which exists after steam passes through turbinecompartment 230. By implementing this methodology, for example, theState Hawaii could save around one billion dollars which they arespending yearly for purchase of oil for production of electricity.

FIG. 27 illustrate a schematic cross sectional diagram of the heatexchange system 210 shown in FIG. 24 to be used for production ofelectricity from heat source such as oil well flare stacks. A gas flare,alternatively known as a flare stack, is a gas combustion device used inindustrial plants such as petroleum refineries, chemical plants, naturalgas processing plants as well as at oil or gas production sites havingoil wells, gas wells, offshore oil and gas rigs and landfills. Wheneverindustrial plant equipment items are over-pressured, the pressure reliefvalve provided as essential safety device on the equipment automaticallyrelease gases which are ignited and burned. Here in FIG. 27 areillustrated oil well flare stack 137, support structure 138, the heatexchange system 210 with first heat exchanger 168 positioned on top ofsupporting structure 138 and second heat exchanger 182 coupled intoboiler/evaporator 220 of the binary power unit 180. By circulating heatexchanging fluid through closed loop system 210 heat from flame 139 isextracted through the first heat exchanger 168 and transferred throughthermally insulated line 72 to the second heat exchanger 182 which heatsworking fluid or water, depending on size and temperature, in theboiler/evaporator 220 of the binary power unit 180. Here are alsoillustrated main elements of the binary power unit 180, turbines 230,generator 250 and condenser 260. In this illustration the condenser 260is cooled with additional closed loop system 270 consisting of the firstheat exchanger 268, closed loop line 272 and the second heat exchanger282 which can be submerged into nearby source of cold water 166 such aspool, lake, river, etc. By implementing this methodology worldwide inindustrial plants a lot of electricity can be produced from sourcesconsidered at this time as a waste.

FIG. 28 illustrates a schematic cross sectional diagram of analternative heat exchange system to one shown and explained in FIG. 27.The assembly illustrated in FIG. 28 is essentially the same as assemblyillustrated in FIG. 27; only difference is that instead of boiler 220 inFIG. 27 there is heat exchanger unit 221 which contains two heatexchangers 182 and 183. The heat exchanger unit 221 is filled with heatexchange medium fluid. There is also relief valve 224 and valve 225 forcontrolling the heat exchange medium fluid.

FIG. 29 illustrates a plain view of the geothermal facility using theheat exchange system 210 shown in FIG. 24 for production of electricityand desalinization of water from a salty body of water. By way ofexample only, a salty body of water may include the Salton Sea inCalifornia. The following example using the Salton Sea as the salty bodyof water is for illustration purposes and it is understood that thisinvention is not limited to only functioning with regard to the SaltonSea, but rather the same principles are applicable to any salty body ofwater. The Salton Sea is California's largest lake and is presently 25percent saltier than the ocean. The Salton Sea is a “terminal lake,”meaning that it has no outlets. Water flows into it from several limitedsources but the only way water leaves the sea is by evaporation. TheSalton Sea Geothermal Field (SSGF) is a high salinity andhigh-temperature resource. The earth crust at south end of the SaltonSea is relatively thin. Temperatures in the Salton Sea Geothermal Fieldcan reach 680 degrees less than a mile below the surface. There arealready several conventional geothermal power plants in the area. Thelake is shrinking exposing lake bed and salinity level is increasingwhich is pending environmental disaster and a serious threat tomulti-billion-dollar tourism.

In this application the heat exchange system 210 extracts heat fromgeothermal sources; transfers that heat up to the ground surface;produces electricity for commercial use; and at same time, desalinizesalty water and returns produced freshwater into Salton Sea; and inprocess produces salt which has commercial value.

Here is illustrated the heat exchange system 210 with first heatexchanger 168 lowered into well-bore 30 at source of heat (see FIG. 30),thermally insulated line 72, and second heat exchanger 182 coupled intoboiler/evaporator 217 of the power unit 280. By circulating heatexchanging fluid through closed loop system 210 heat from hot rocks orhydrothermal reservoir is extracted through the first heat exchanger 168and transferred through thermally insulated line 72 to the second heatexchanger 182 which is coupled into boiler/evaporator/distiller 217 ofthe power unit 280. Salty water from Salton Sea is injected intoboiler/evaporator 217 through pipe line 264 and valve 267 to the level“H” (see FIGS. 30 and 31). The second heat exchanger 182 which iscoupled into boiler/evaporator 217 heats salty water and steam isproduced which turns turbine 230 which is connected to and spinsgenerator 250 which produces electricity which is then transmittedthough electric grid. The power unit 280 has the condenser 260 which iscooled with additional closed loop system 270 consisting of the firstheat exchanger 268, closed loop line 272 and the second heat exchanger282 which is submerged into Salton Sea for cooling or if necessarynearby pool build for that purpose. Condensed steam from condenser 260exits power plant 280 through pipe 256 to join pipe line 266 returningfresh water into Salton Sea. Alternatively, fresh water can be collectedinto big thanks (not illustrated) for use when needed in nearbyagricultural fields. The pipe line 272 exiting condenser 260 enters heatexchanger containers 254 which are positioned underneath removable pans252 located in nearby desalinization processing building 290 (see FIG.31) which is closed and incites a greenhouse effect.

Alternatively, if situation regarding desalinization of the Salton Seachanges, the boiler/evaporator 217 and cooling system of the condenser260 of the power unit 280 can be modified to function solely as binarypower unit to produce only electricity.

The pipe line 72 after exiting boiler/evaporator 217 branches into pipeline 78 which also enters the heat exchanger containers 254 which arepositioned underneath removable pans 252 located in nearbydesalinization processing building 290 (see FIG. 31).

When salty water in boiler 217 reaches level “L” the salinity level ishigh and is released through valve 269 and pipe line 265 into collectorpools 263 at nearby desalinization processing building 290 in which saltand clean water is produced.

Salty water from collector pools 263 is distributed into removable pans252 which sit on the heat exchanger containers 254 which are filled withheat exchange fluid and accommodates three pipe lines, 78, 272 and 108which heats heat exchange fluid in containers 254 and indirectly heatssalty water in pans 252. Salty water evaporates from heated pans 252 andcondenses around condensers panels 289 which are positioned under roofstructure 292 of the desalinization processing building 290. The pipeline 278 after branching from pipe line 272 enters roof section 292 ofthe desalinization processing building 290 and function as a condenser.Condensed fresh water 293 drops, as a rain, into channels 294 from whichis then collected into containers 271 and returned into Salton Seathrough pipe line 266 (see FIGS. 31 and 32). After heated waterevaporates from pans 252 layer of salt will form on the bottom of thepans 252. The pans 252 with salt in it can be raised with cable andratchets or hydraulic system so that one end of the pans 252 is higherthan other (illustrated with dash line in FIG. 31) and then slightlyjerked and unloaded salt on vehicle or platform for transport. Theprofile of the removable pan 252 on lower end is slightly larger forsmoother unload and can have closing and opening mechanism (not shown atthis illustration). Here is also illustrated a well 30 with Blow OutPreventer 31 and derrick 240 above it.

Here are also illustrated two sections of the desalinization processingbuilding 290. The building can have many such sections to allowcontinues process of loading and unloading in harmony.

FIG. 30 is a cross sectional view taken along line 30-30′ of FIG. 29.Beside already explained elements and its functions in FIG. 29 here arebetter illustrated well-bore 30 with casing 247 and the first heatexchanger 168 in it, and rest of elements of the power plant 280. Hereis also illustrated, as an alternative option, at the bottom of thewell-bore 30, an in-line pump 172 which can be attached, if needed, tothe first heat exchanger 168 to circulate geothermal fluids upward andaround first heat exchanger 168 for more efficient heat exchange. Hereis illustrated an in-line pump 172 having two fluid stirring elements173 on each end. The fluid stirring elements 173 are simple structuralpipe sections with openings on side wall preferably in an angel (notillustrated). The purpose of the fluid stirring elements 173 on thelower end of the in-line pump 172 is to direct surrounding geothermalfluid into in-line pump 172 and purpose of the fluid stirring elements173 on the upper end of the in-line pump 172 is to direct geothermalfluid from the in-line pump up and around first heat exchanger 168. Hereis also illustrated base of structural pipe 185.

FIG. 31 is a cross sectional view taken along line 31-31′ of FIG. 29. Inthis illustration are shown removable pans 252 which sits on the heatexchanger containers 254 which are filled with heat exchange fluid andaccommodates three pipe lines, 78, 272 and 108 which heats heat exchangefluid in containers 254 and indirectly heats salty water in pans 252.Here is also shown thermal insulator and supporting structure 255 undercontainers 254.

In this illustration, there are also shown roof structures 292 of theclosed desalinization processing building 290 with pipe lines 278 whichsupply cold water to the condenser panels 279. Condenser panels areillustrated in two alternative positions on left and right side of thebuilding 290. Here are also shown collecting pans 284 positionedunderneath condenser panels 279 (illustrated in FIG. 32). Here are alsoillustrated plastic curtains 276 with vertical tubes 296, which collectand funnel condensed droplets 293 into provided channels 294. Theplastic curtains 276 are preferably inflatable to provide thermalinsulation between warm lower section and cold upper section of thebuilding 290. If necessary upper section can be additionally cooled withair-condition system. Here is also shown raised removable pans 252 (indash line). Here are also shown thermo-solar panel 106 on the roof ofthe desalinization processing building 290 and corresponding heatexchange line 108 inside the heat exchanger containers 254 which isillustrated and explained in FIG. 32.

FIG. 32 illustrates a perspective cross sectional diagram of analternative thermo-solar heat exchange system 70 to be used indesalinization plant shown in FIGS. 29-31. Here is illustrated, anoptional solution, thermo-solar panel 106 positioned on the roof of thedesalinization processing building 290 to be used for heating heatexchange fluid in the containers 254 and indirectly heating salty waterin pans 252 to induce evaporation. Here is also illustrated a plate 283at the bottom of condenser 279 which function as a frame for thecondenser 279 and also as an electrode positively (+) charged. Thecondenser 279 is coated with super hydrophobic material to inducerelease of tiny water droplets from condenser and subsequently toimprove condensation process. Here is also illustrated a pan 284positioned underneath condenser 279. The pan 284 has “Y” shape profileand collects condensed droplets 293 from the condenser 279 and deliversfresh water 295 into containers 271 (shown in FIG. 29). The fresh water295 is then pumped into sea. The pan 284 is negatively charged toimprove condensation process.

Recent study done by MIT researchers have discovered that tiny waterdroplets that form on a superhydrophobic surface and then “jump” awayfrom that surface, carry positive (+) electric charge. By addingnegative (−) charges to nearby surface can prevent returning of the tinywater droplets back to the condenser surface and improve condensationprocess.

Alternatively, if needed, thermo-solar panel 106 positioned on the roofof the desalinization processing building 290 used for heating heatexchange fluid in the containers 254 and indirectly heating salty waterin pans 252 to induce evaporation, could function independently withoutgeothermal support.

FIGS. 33-36 illustrate a cross sectional views of the load carryingsystem 60 and the cable and tube connector assembly 175 also illustratedin FIG. 13. By lowering the SCI-GGG and/or SCI-GHE apparatus by addingrepetitive segments of tubes and cables, the length of the apparatusincreases and subsequently its weight. Therefore load carrying structuresuch as cables or pipe, in these illustrations cables, is designed sothat additional cables can be added to accommodate increased weight whenadditional segments of the apparatus are added. The length of segmentsof the apparatus depends of the size of derrick.

FIG. 33 is a schematic diagram of cross sectional view of the loadcarrying cable system 60. The load carrying system 60 consist of derrickwith pulley system on the surface (not shown in this illustration),repetitive cable segments 75 which are connected through the cable andtube connector platforms 176. Here are also illustrated transferringcables 83 which are inserted as periodic segments when load from onecable needs to be transferred on two cables of the subsequent segment.The transferring cables 83 consist of a sling cable 89, an oblong masterlink 99, which connects two legs 81 ending with standard latched slinghooks 55 (not shown in this illustration). This load carrying system 60provides overall weight reduction and efficient load distribution of theapparatus and subsequently extends the operating depth of the apparatusand increases load capacity of the derrick.

FIG. 34 illustrate a cross sectional views of the cable and tubeconnector assembly 175 taken along line 34-34′ of FIG. 35. The cable andtube connector assembly 175 consist of the cable and tube connectorplatform 176, on which are permanently fastened two hose and socketassembly 177 (illustrated on FIG. 35) and multiple steel cable loopassembles 179. The hose and socket assembly 177 is device permanentlyfastened on connector platform 176 to accommodate respective connectingelement permanently fastened on each end of repetitive segments of thethermally insulated tubes 72 of closed loop system of the apparatus. Thetube and socket assembly 177 can operate as pull-back sleeve (quickconnect and disconnect system) and can be additionally secured withsafety pin to prevent accidental disconnect. The steel cable loopassembly 179 consists of two sets of eyelets 202 with thimbles formed ateach end of the fastening block 171. The two sets of eyelets 202 of thefastening block 171 protrude on upper and lower portion of the connectorplatform 176. Each leg of each segment of the main steel cable 75 hasstandard latched sling hooks 55 (not shown in this illustration) on eachend and is hooked to the eyelets 202 of the cable and tube connectorplatform 176. All parts including steel cable 75 can be thermallyinsulated and coated with anti-corrosion material.

This design of cable and tube connector assembly 175 providesflexibility for repetitive segments of tubes and cables to be added asneeded, preferably in pairs for balance and proper distribution of load.This load carrying system 60 provides efficient weight distribution andincreases load capacity as length and weight of the apparatus increases.

FIG. 35 is a cross sectional view taken along line 35-35′ of FIG. 34.Here are illustrated all elements described in FIG. 34 including thecable and tube connector platform 176, thermally insulated tubes 72 ofclosed loop system of the apparatus, steel cable loop assembly 179 withfastening blocks 171 and two set of eyelets 202 protruding on upper andlower portion of the connector platform 176. Also, here is illustrated apair of latched sling hooks 55 which are permanent ending parts on eachsegment of the main steel cable 75. Here are also illustrated fasteners57 used also for support of the structure during assembly anddisassembly process of the segments.

FIG. 36 is a cross sectional view taken along line 36-36′ of FIG. 34,with all elements already explained in FIGS. 33 and 35. Thisillustration of the cable and tube connector assembly 175 with diameterabout 15 inches contains 8 steel cable loop assembly 179 whichaccommodate 16 steel cables 75 with diameter about 1 inch. Largerdiameter of the connector assembly 175 can contain more steel cable loopassembly 179 which would increase load potential and subsequently lengthof the apparatus.

This invention explains a method of how to use unlimited sources ofgeothermal energy which has not been used in this way today. Thisinvention explains how to use internal heat of our planet and produceelectricity deep down and transmit it to the surface by cable. Thisinvention explains self contained geothermal generator with its basicelements, their shape, form, interactions, their functions and possibleapplications.

In this presentation, turbines, generator, pumps, control valves, safetyrelief valves, sensors, lubrication line, wiring and cameras are notillustrated in details but there are many reliable, heat resistant,automatic, fast action pumps and control valves, turbines and generatorsused in power plants, steam engines, marines industry, and the like thatmay be applicable in embodiments of the present invention. Further,according to particular embodiments of the present invention, the lengthof the chambers are not limited to the respective size as represented inthe drawing figures of this disclosure, but rather they may be of anydesired length. In this presentation are explained and illustrated onlynew elements and function of the invention. All necessary elements andtools that are used in contemporary drilling technology for drillingwellbores including safety requirements casings and blow out preventer(BOP) should be used if necessary. The present invention can be used inmany different applications and environments.

The sizes of elements of this invention, such as the diameter, arelimited to drilling technology at the time, diameter of the wells andpractical weight of the assembly.

Additionally, particular embodiments of the present invention may use acable, chain or other suitable means for lowering the geothermalgenerator into pre-drilled hole. The apparatus can be lowered into thewell by filling the well first with water and then lowering theapparatus by gradually emptying the well or controlling buoyancy byfilling or emptying the boiler of the apparatus with fluids. Apparatusesof the present invention (SC-GGG and SCI-GHE) during lowering andraising process will be emptied from fluids to reduce weight of theapparatuses and to increase load capacity of the derrick.

Seismicity

Also, the possibility of inducing seismicity is a serious factor toconsider during the installation and operation of enhanced geothermalsystems. For example, in enhanced geothermal systems that inject waterunderground, the injected water can accumulate into undergroundpre-existing pockets (caves) and when critical mass and temperature isreached can induce an explosion which can trigger earthquakes,especially if seismic tension already exists at that area. Embodimentsof the present invention do not have the same concern since the workingfluid is in a closed loop and would not suffer the same effects ofinjecting water into underground pre-existing pockets.

Calculations

The SCI-GGG system according to embodiments of the present inventionincorporates already proven technology (Boiler, Turbine, Generator, andCondenser). An Organic Rankine Cycle (“ORC”) has already been in useover the last 30 years. Basically, an ORC operates on two separate flowsof hot and cool liquid. The final numbers of the production andoperation of the ORC depends of selected location and accessibletemperature. In general, in order to operate the system, the ORC needs aminimum necessary heat of the evaporator within the range of 80° C.-140°C. (176° F.-284° F.). The Condenser needs three times the input heatflow and further needs the necessary heat to be less than 30° C. (86°F.). The Differential in temperature needs to be 65° C. (125° F.) lessthan input heat flow temperature.

Maintenance

The basic maintenance of embodiments of the present invention can bemanaged from a ground surface through maintenance lines which compriseelectrical lines used for controlling automation (valves), sensors,cameras, and the like; and an oil cooling and lubrication line forlubricating moving parts (bearings) with oil filters on the groundsurface for easier access. There is also a service line for controllingand maintaining levels of fluids in the boiler and condenser. Forgeneral maintenance such as replacement of bearings, turbines orgenerator, apparatus may be pulled up from the well-bore and refurnishedor trashed or replace it with a new apparatus.

Vertical Approach

Embodiments of the system of the present invention promote a progressive“vertical approach” to reach and utilize heat from hot rocks or otherheated surrounding environment rather than horizontal approach used inEnhanced Geothermal System (“EGS”). EGS is based on exploring certainlocations (nests) and injecting water in those locations until heat fromhot rocks is depleted (about 4-5 years) and then moving to another(preferably nearby) location and then repeating the process and after3-5 years returning to previous location which would by that timereplenish heat generated from radioactive decay and internal heat.

Because SCI-GGG and Self-Contained In-Ground Heat Exchanger (“SCI-GHE”)systems use a completely closed loop system, permeability of the rocks,horizontal rock formations and substantial amount of underground wateris of lessen concern, but rather these systems can operate in a verticalapproach. When cooling of surrounding rocks or environment eventuallyoccurs, it would only be necessary to pull out the apparatus from thewell-bore, drill an additional distance to reach hot rocks orsurrounding environment and then lower the apparatus at the new depth.The extended depth will result in hotter rock formations and higher heatflux. Eventually, a point will be reached where heat extraction and heatreplenishment will be in balance or equilibrium.

Lava Flow/Tube

In certain locations, such as Hawaii, drilling may not be necessary. Twoposts on either side of a lava flow/tube can be erected with cableextended between them, like a bridge, and either of apparatuses SCI-GGGand/or SCI-GHE can be lowered close to lava with binary power unitnearby on the ground and electricity can be produced.

Dry Rock & Hydrothermal Reservoir

Although main purpose of the Scientific Geothermal Systems (SCI-GGG &SCI-GHE) is to use limitless dry hot rocks for production ofelectricity, is not limited to dry hot rocks—it can be lowered intoexisting hydrothermal reservoir.

In another embodiment, the SCI-GHE could be also easily used in reverseorder to heat (warm) the ground (or surroundings) if needed. Forexample, and without limitation, to extract oil, which is in solidstate, the oil needs warming in order to be liquefied. Today they areinjecting hot water or other necessary fluid or gas (such as CO2) intoground that warms the solidified oil. That water loses a lot of heat onthe way down and also gets mixed with the oil and later, when pumped outto the surface, has to be separated from the oil. With a SCI-GHE theground can be warmed effectively by heating water (fluids) on the groundsurface in boiler 220 and circulating it to heat exchanger 168 deep downthrough thermally insulated pipes 72 so that heat is not lost duringfluid circulation. Alternatively, if needed, additional open loop linecan be installed to deliver necessary substance, fluid, CO2, etc. to bedispersed through cracks, fissures into surrounded solidify oilformation and be heated by heat exchanger 168 to liquefy oil for easierextraction. The boiler 220 on the ground surface for this purpose can beheated with different source of heat including geothermal if accessible.

Other embodiments include cooling a dysfunctional nuclear reactor aftera possible accident. A first coiled pipe (Heat Exchanger 168) may belowered into a damaged nuclear reactor and a second coiled pipe (HeatExchanger 182) into nearby cold reservoir, or if nearby an ocean. Thiscan be repeated with many such apparatuses. Several SCI-GHEs may be usedto cool the reactor and surrounding area with a closed loop system. Thisis better than the current approach of pouring water on the reactor withfire truck equipment (or alike) and then collecting runaway water intoreservoirs on nearby sites. That is an open loop system and itcontaminates the ground as well as possible ground water. Also, waterused for it is contaminated and requires careful disposal.

Another embodiment may be used for cooling mines. In some deep mines,miners have problem with heat reaching temperatures over 100 F. ASCI-GHE could operate to cool the surrounding environment within a deepmine. A first coiled pipe (Heat Exchanger 168) could be laid on awalkway or any appropriate locations inside the mine, and a secondcoiled pipe (Heat Exchanger 182) may be placed up on the ground surfacepreferably in a cool environment, such as a shaded area or a body ofwater. The first and second coiled pipes (Heat Exchangers) are connectedwith thermally insulated pipes 72 to prevent heat/cold exchange in longlines between the Heat Exchangers. Several inline pumps may be requiredto force fluid flow quickly through the system. It would absorb heatfrom mine and exchange it outside in the colder environment.

Further, another embodiment includes utilizing oil wells that areabandoned or about to be abandoned. These wells are typically referredto as “Stripper Wells” or “Marginal Wells.” These wells are determinedto be in this state if they produce less than 10 barrels of oil per day.Most of these wells are very hot and at a depth of several miles. Theheat in these wells may be utilized by implementing SCI-GGG and/orSCI-GHE systems. The system may be sized and shaped to fit within thediameter of the well and lowered in to function as described above. Aslim, powerful, in-line pump will make fluid flow fast and minimize heatlost during the operation of the system. Additionally, the in-line pumpdesign could be used for pumping oil up on surface from oil wellswithout underground pressure.

The embodiments and examples set forth herein were presented in order tobest explain the present invention and its particular application and tothereby enable those of ordinary skill in the art to make and use theinvention. However, those of ordinary skill in the art will recognizethat the foregoing description and examples have been presented for thepurpose of illustration and example only. The description as set is notintended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise formdisclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in light ofthe teachings above without departing from the spirit and scope of theinvention.

What is claimed is:
 1. A universal heat exchanger comprising: a closedloop thermally insulated line comprising: a first heat exchanger coil; asecond heat exchanger coil; and a water pump inserted along the closedloop line.
 2. The universal heat exchanger of claim 1, wherein the waterpump comprises a series of in-line pumps periodically inserted along theclosed loop line.
 3. The universal heat exchanger of claim 2, whereinthe each of the in-line pumps comprise an electromotor comprising aspiral blade within a hollow central shaft of the rotor creating a forceto move fluid through the closed loop line, wherein the in-line pumpsinserted along the closed loop line in a downhill route operate asgenerators to supplement power to the electromotor of in-line pumpsinserted along the closed loop line in an uphill or horizontal route. 4.The universal heat exchanger of claim 1, wherein the second heatexchanger coil is coupled to a binary power unit comprising secondclosed loop system with a working fluid having a boiling temperaturelower than the boiling temperature of water wherein the binary powerunit generates electricity in response to the exchange of heat from thefirst heat exchanger at the source of heat.
 5. The universal heatexchanger of claim 4, further comprising a plurality of self-containedheat exchangers coupled to a plurality of binary power units to form abinary power plant.
 6. The universal heat exchanger of claim 1, whereinthe first heat exchanger coil is lowered into a damaged nuclear reactorand the second heat exchanger is placed into a nearby cold environmentto cool the reactor and surrounding area with the closed loop system. 7.The universal heat exchanger of claim 1, wherein the first heatexchanger coil is positioned at top of the flare stacks and second heatexchanger is placed into a binary power unit on the ground whereelectricity is produced.
 8. The universal heat exchanger of claim 1,wherein the first heat exchanger coil is lowered into a warm mine andthe second heat exchanger coil is placed into a colder environment tocool the mine with the closed loop system.
 9. The universal heatexchanger of claim 1, wherein the first heat exchanger coil is placednear a lava flow and the second heat exchanger coil is coupled into thebinary geothermal power plant.
 10. The universal heat exchanger of claim9, wherein the second set of closed loop system is engage with third setof closed loop system consisting of first heat exchanger coupled intocondenser of the binary power unit and second heat exchanger placed intonearby colder environment for cooling of the condenser.
 11. Theuniversal heat exchanger of claim 1, further comprising adistiller/evaporator; and a desalination building.
 12. The universalheat exchanger of claim 11, wherein the first heat exchanger coil isplaced at source of heat and the second heat exchanger coil is coupledinto distiller for heating it.
 13. The universal heat exchanger of claim12, wherein the distiller is filled with salty water and used steam foroperating a turbine and generator for production of electricity.
 14. Theuniversal heat exchanger of claim 13, wherein the remaining salty wateris transported through piping system into a desalination building andinto containers for heating and evaporation.
 15. The universal heatexchanger of claim 14, wherein containers with salty water are heatedwith a piping system from the first closed loop system and condenser.16. The universal heat exchanger of claim 15, wherein the desalinationbuilding is a closed structure with a greenhouse effect and comprises:containers with salty water and its delivery system; a heating systempositioned under containers; a condenser positioned on upper portion ofthe building with its cooling system; a collection of fresh water andits distribution out of building; and collection and distribution ofcollected salt.
 17. The universal heat exchanger of claim 1, furthercomprising a load carrying and distributing system of the first heatexchange coil consisting of: a derrick with pulley system; a repetitivethermally insulated tubes; a repetitive sling cable segments andperiodic reduction cable segments; and a repetitive cable and tubeconnector assembly platforms.
 18. The load carrying and distributingsystem of claim 17, wherein the repetitive cable segments consist of asling cable ending with standard latched sling hooks.
 19. The loadcarrying and distributing system of claim 17, wherein the periodicreduction cable segments consist of a sling cable; an oblong master linkconnecting two legs ending with standard latched sling hooks to connectwith subsequent two cables on upper segment through cable and tubeconnector platforms providing efficient load distribution and overallweight reduction of the apparatus.
 20. The load carrying anddistributing system of claim 17, wherein the cable and tube connectorassembly platform consist of: a platform on which are permanentlyfastened tube and socket assembly for quick connect and disconnect oftubes; and a multiple steel cable loops assembly consisting of the twosets of eyelets with thimbles formed at each end of the fastening blockprotruding on upper and lower portion of the connector platform.
 21. Amethod of using a universal heat exchanger comprising: lowering thefirst heat exchanger coil from a ground surface down to a desired level;fluidly connecting the second heat exchange coil located on the groundsurface to the first heat exchanger coil with a closed loop systemcomprising thermally insulated pipes, wherein the second heat exchangecoil is coupled to a heated boiler on the ground surface; circulatingfluid through the closed loop system by use of a series of in-linepumps; transferring heat from the boiler to the fluid in the second heatexchange coil; transporting the heated fluid to the first heat exchangercoil under the ground; and transferring heat from the first heatexchanger coil to the surrounding ground.
 22. The method of claim 21,further comprising heating solidified oil formations in the groundadjacent the first heat exchanger coil, wherein the solidified oilformations liquefy in response to the transfer of heat from the firstheat exchanger coil to the surrounding solidified oil formations. 23.The method of claim 22, further comprising installing an open loop lineto deliver a second fluid to be dispersed through cracks and fissures inthe ground surrounding the solidified oil formation, wherein the secondfluid is heated by the first heat exchanger coil, wherein the secondfluid heats the solidified oil formation to liquefy the oil formationsfor easier extraction.
 24. A method of using a self-containedgeo-thermal generator comprising: lowering the geo-thermal generatorfrom a ground surface down to a desired level, wherein the desired levelis at a desired temperature of surrounding environment; producing steamfrom a volume of fluid contained within the self-contained geo-thermalgenerator; producing electric energy from the steam; transmitting theelectric energy from the desired level to the ground surface; coolingthe self-contained geo-thermal generator with a second closed loopsystem; and producing additional electric on the ground surface by usingthird closed loop system.